What are the differences between Classful IP address and Classless IP Address?

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 What are the differences between Classful IP address and Classless IP Address?


Examples

Classful Addressing:

  • Class A: IP Range: 1.0.0.0 to 126.255.255.255, Example: 10.1.1.1, Subnet Mask: 255.0.0.0

  • Class B: IP Range: 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255, Example: 172.16.0.1, Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0

  • Class C: IP Range: 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255, Example: 192.168.1.1, Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

Classless Addressing (CIDR):

  • Example 1: 192.168.1.0/24, where /24 indicates the first 24 bits are the network portion, Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

  • Example 2: 10.0.0.0/8, where /8 indicates the first 8 bits are the network portion, Subnet Mask: 255.0.0.0

  • Example 3: 172.16.0.0/12, where /12 indicates the first 12 bits are the network portion, Subnet Mask: 255.240.0.0

Classful addressing divides IP addresses into fixed classes with predetermined ranges, leading to inefficiencies and wasted addresses. Classless addressing, or CIDR, allows for more flexible and efficient use of IP address space by using variable-length subnet masks, making it the preferred method in modern networking



Classful VS Classless IP addressing

Classful

Classless

Classful IP addressing is older technology

Classless IP addressing is newer technology compared to classful addressing.

Value of 1st octet determines the network portion and the host portion

Ex: 10.0.0.0 | 172.16.0.0 | 192.168.0.0

The subnet mask determines the network portion and the host portion. Value of the first octet does NOT matter.

Ex: /24 | /26 | /8 | /12 | /16 | /20


Classless IP addressing is what is used within the internet and in most internal networks.


Classless inter-domain routing (CIDR)


Subnet masks do not have to end on natural octet boundaries.

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